Toray unveils bio-based 2-pyrrolidone tech to target microplastic pollution in cosmetics
Funded partly by Japan’s Ministry of Environment, it addresses microplastic pollution from cosmetics and ocean debris.
JAPAN – Toray Industries, a Japanese chemical manufacturer, has developed a proprietary technology to produce bio-based 2-pyrrolidone from sugars and biomass, enabling marine-biodegradable polyamide 4 (PA4) as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based microplastics in cosmetics.
Toray’s bio-based 2-pyrrolidone replaces conventional petroleum feedstocks, yielding PA4 microparticles with identical sizes and shapes to traditional versions.
These particles biodegrade via microorganisms breaking down organics into water and CO2, even in low-microbe marine environments, meeting OECD 301F standards (over 80% in 28 days in activated sludge) and ASTM D6691 (over 90% in 120 days in ocean).
The milder reactions reduce CO2 emissions across the production chain compared to petrochemical methods.
Targeted for foundations, eyeshadows, and cleansers, PA4 microparticles comply with EU REACH exemptions on synthetic polymers under 5mm, avoiding bans phased in by 2035.
Toray has verified safety through skin irritation tests and secured cosmetic ingredient labelling from bodies like the Personal Care Products Council.
Samples are under evaluation with cosmetics makers for quality feedback ahead of commercialization.
Toray plans to scale up and offer bio-based PA4 microparticles by the fiscal year ending March 2029.
Earlier PA4 developments (2024) aimed for commercialization by March 2025, building toward this bio-based milestone.
Beyond PA4, bio-based 2-pyrrolidone supports N-methylpyrrolidone for semiconductors and engineering plastics, and N-vinylpyrrolidone for pharmaceuticals, advancing sustainable materials.
Toray Industries focuses primarily on advanced materials rather than finished cosmetics products, with its beauty offerings centered on functional ingredients for formulations.
Apart from polyamide (PA) fine particles like PA12 and the newer biodegradable PA4, the company provides limited but specialized alternatives.
Toray supplies TOSPEARL™ silicone elastomers (spherical powders) that enhance texture, spreadability, and oil absorption in foundations, powders, and skincare; these are non-porous or porous types for matte finishes and soft focus effects.
Acrylate-based resins and film-formers improve water/oil resistance, adhesion, and sensory properties in mascaras, nail polishes, and hair care products.
Fine chemical additives, including nylon alternatives and silica composites, support pigment dispersion and stability in color cosmetics, aligning with sustainability trends.
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